How Tesla Electric Cars Work
With electric cars taking over the automotive landscape, it’s important to understand how electric cars actually work. Tesla and other EV (electric vehicles) operate purely on electrical motor-based input and utilizes electricity as their main source of power. Electric cars have zero emissions, and receive their fuel source by plugging into a wall outlet instead of pulling up to the gas station. To get a better idea of how exactly electric cars function, let’s take a look at some of the different parts and features that make up these vehicles. Understanding the Components of an Electric Car In order to understand how electric cars work, we must first understand the components that make up these vehicles. Similar to your normal combustion engine, electric cars have their own energy conversion system. Instead of converting gasoline, they instead convert electricity into the power that moves them. The Most Important Piece: The Traction Battery Pack The single most important piece of an Electric car like Tesla’s, is what’s known as the traction battery pack. This battery is single handedly responsible for storing the electricity responsible for moving the vehicle. This should not be confused with the auxiliary battery, which we’ll cover shortly. The Power Electronics Controller Does an Essential Job The power electronics controller is responsible for the proper delivery of stored electricity to the electric traction motor. Thanks to this device, you’re able to control the total delivered power and, in turn, the total torque output. It’s easiest to remember it as the device that best represents a throttle on your standard combustion engine vehicle. Electric Traction Motor is Essential for Movement With the help of the power electronics controller, the electric traction motor is what actually moves the electric car. The power electronics controller converts the electricity into usable electricity from the traction battery pack, which the electric traction motor then uses to propel the vehicle forward or backward. The electric traction motor is essentially the electric variant of the gas motor. They are similar in their job, however, the energy utilized is what is different. The Charging Port is Used to Power Up Similar to a combustion engine car, electric cars require a place to refuel, or charge in this case. This is where the charging port comes into play. Typically located in a similar location as the fuel neck on a gas car, the charging port is simply the place on your electric car that allows it to be plugged in to charge. Onboard Charging Device Converts from AC to DC Whether at home or a charging station, the power supplied to charge your electric vehicle is most often supplied in its AC variant. Since electric vehicles utilize DC power, a conversion must take place in order for the vehicle to utilize it in its charging system. The onboard charging device takes care of this conversion, and also allows you to monitor the overall health of your batteries and charging system. Cooling System or Thermal System Much like your standard gasoline powered car, electric cars create heat as a bi-product with extended use. In order to better manage this heat, electric cars are equipped with cooling systems to better regulate the temperature of the onboard computers and electronics within the vehicle. When comparing it to a traditional automotive system, think of your radiator and surrounding pieces that influence it. The goal of this cooling system is to reduce the total heat being put off by the power source by introducing something that cools it down. Auxiliary Battery for Accessories or Electronics The auxiliary battery should not be confused with the traction battery pack, as it serves a different purpose entirely. The auxiliary battery is responsible for storing and supplying the electricity to the many other electrical needs of the vehicle. These are usually things like lights and other convenience features. Auxiliary batteries have long served their purpose in automotive application, most often used to power features available in the vehicle. Instead of an alternator powering it through driving, electric cars use a DC converter that delivers power from the traction battery pack. DC Converter Transforms High Current to Low Current While the auxiliary battery and the traction battery pack both require electricity to operate, they utilize different forms of DC power. The DC converter is responsible for converting the high-voltage DC power utilized by the traction battery pack into the lower-voltage DC power needed by the auxiliary battery to power your electronics. The process done by the DC converter is much less invasive than the AC to DC conversion done at the onboard charging device. While some electricity is lost at this conversion, it’s minimal loss overall. Rather than changing formats, it’s actually just decreasing the level of voltage. Electrical Transmission Does a Lot of the Heavy Lifting The electrical transmission is responsible for getting the vehicle moving. It takes the mechanical power output by the electric traction motor and uses it to physically drive the wheels. Without the electrical transmission, the vehicle would be unable to use the electricity stored to move the vehicle. The electrical transmission is similar in concept to a standard gas car transmission in function only. It takes the power created by the motor, and transforms it into energy that can be used to turn the wheels and get the car moving. Visualizing How All of the Parts Come Together Now that you understand the parts that make up an electric vehicle, you may still be wondering how it all actually comes together to drive. Let’s use the information provided about the parts to better visualize how they all do their own heavy lifting to create the electric car driving experience Tesla and other brands are known for. First, You Need to get Charged Up So, the first step in getting an electrical vehicle going is supplying it with the electricity it needs. Tesla has their patented Super Chargers scattered through the US and assuming you have the correct hardware installed, you can
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